Cluster Headache
A cluster headache is a severe headache that can occur for a period of weeks to months and then stop completely for a period of time that can last at least a month or more. Men, more than women, are more likely to be affected with cluster headaches. The headaches usually manifest during adolescence and middle age but can occur at any age.
Causes of a Cluster Headache
The cause of cluster headaches is not known, although they seem to occur when a nerve pathway in the brain called the trigeminal-autonomic reflex pathway is activated. This nerve is responsible for sensations such as heat or pain within the face.
Cluster headache attacks most frequently occur between the hours of 9 pm and 9 am, and are likely to disrupt sleep. Once the cluster cycle begins, it is important for patients to follow their normal routine as best as they can, and avoid altering their sleep schedule. Any changes to the pattern can trigger a headache.
Symptoms of a Cluster Headache
This rare type of headache is one of the more painful causing:
- Excruciating pain in and around the eye
- Excessive tearing
- Pain on one side of the head
- Redness in the eye
- Stuffy nose
- Sensitivity to light
- Sweaty, pale skin
- Drooping eyelid
- Swelling in the affected area
Treatment of Cluster Headaches
There are several treatment options available to help relieve the symptoms of cluster headaches. Medication can be prescribed to reduce the number of headaches during a cluster period and to relieve pain during the actual headache. These medications may be given as an injection, rectal suppository or with an inhaler in order to ensure a more rapid delivery.
Some patients may benefit from inhaling oxygen or using a local anesthetic in the nose. Preventative treatment, with the use of channel blockers, corticosteroids, melatonin, or other medications at the start of an episode can help alleviate the symptoms. In rare cases, surgery may be required for patients with cluster headaches who do not respond to traditional treatments.
